Hawaii State Unit Study - Geography, State Symbols Facts

Hawaii State Unit Study - Geography, State Symbols Facts These state unit studies are designed to help children learn the geography of the United States and learn factual information about every state.ÃÆ'ƒ‚ÃÆ'‚   These studies are great for children in the public and private education system as well as homeschooled children. Print the United States Map and color each state as you study it. Keep map at the front of your notebook for use with each state. Print the State Information Sheet and fill in the information as you find it. Print the Hawaii State Map and fill in the state capital, large cities and state attractions that you find. Answer the following questions on lined paper in complete sentences. State Capital What is the capital?Virtual Walking TourState Flag What do the eight stripes of white, red, and blue represent?State Flower What is the state flower?Coloring pageState Bird What is the state bird and what does it like to eat?A close up of the State BirdState Fish What is the Hawaiian name for this fish?State Marine Mammal What is Hawaiis state marine mammal?Whale MazeState Tree What is the Hawaiian name and the common name of this tree?State Song Who wrote the state song?State Seal What was the phoenix a symbol of?Picture of state seal.Hawaiis Native Seal What does ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua mean?State Motto What is the state motto and what does it mean? Hawaii Printable Pages - Learn more about Hawaii with these printable worksheets and coloring pages. Hawaii State Symbols Quiz How much do you remember? Did You Know... List two interesting facts. Eight Major Islands - What are the eight major islands? Hawaiian Island Wordsearch Hawaiian Glossary - Learn some Hawaiian terms! Find Your Name in Hawaiian My name is Peweli (Beverly), whats yours? Interactive Hawaiian Dictionary Want to know how to say something in Hawaiian? Hula - Hawaiis Art and Soul Read about the Hula and listen to The Sounds of the Hula. The Big Luau - Read a brief history of the luau, the read da rules, then on to the menu Other Hawaiian Recipes Coloring Pages - Click on a picture to print and color! Wiki-Wiki Scavenger Hunt - Can you find the answers to the questions? (print out and include in notebook) Virtual Field Trips of Hawaii - Pick an island and choose where you want to go! Crossword Puzzle - Do this Hawaii crossword puzzle. Crossword Puzzle - Try your hand at this Marine Life Crossword Puzzle. The Hawaiian Tree Snail - Learn more and do an origami project. The Pacific Green Sea Turtle - Learn more and do an origami project; coloring page. Opihi - The Hawaiian Limpet - Learn more then enjoy these activities: Opihi Origami; Color An Opihi; Opihi Maze Pulelehua - Learn more then enjoy these activities: Make A Pulelehua Origami; Color A Pulelehua; Pulelehua Maze King Kamehameha - Learn about King Kamehameha; coloring page; crossword puzzle. Ocean Diorama - Print and fold marine wildlife and assemble an Ocean Diorama. Hawaii Quiz - How much do you know about Hawaii? Odd Hawaii Law: It used to be illegal to insert pennies is ones ears. Additional Resources: Introducing the email course Our 50 Great States! From Delaware to Hawaii, learn about all 50 states in the order they were admitted to the Union. At the end of 25 weeks (2 states per week), youll have a United States Notebook filled with information about each state; and, if youre up for the challenge, you will try recipes from all 50 states. Will you join me on the journey?

Sophie Tucker Biography

Sophie Tucker Biography Dates:  January 13, 1884 -  February 9, 1966 Occupation:  vaudeville entertainerAlso known as:  Last of the Red Hot Mamas Sophie Tucker was born while her mother was emigrating from the Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire,  to America to join her husband, also a Russian Jew. Her birth name was Sophia Kalish, but the family soon took the last name Abuza and moved to Connecticut, where Sophie grew up working in her familys restaurant. She discovered that singing at the restaurant brought in tips from customers. Playing piano to accompany her sister at amateur shows, Sophie Tucker quickly became an audience favorite; they called for the fat girl. At age 13, she already weighed 145 pounds. She married Louis Tuck, a beer driver, in 1903, and they had a son, Albert, called Bert. She left Tuck in 1906, and left her son Bert with her parents, going to New York alone. Her sister Annie raised Albert. She changed her name to Tucker, and began singing at amateur shows to support herself.   Her divorce from Tuck was completed in 1913. Sophie Tucker was required to wear blackface by managers who felt that she would not otherwise be accepted, since she was so big and ugly as one manager put it. She joined a burlesque show in 1908, and, when she found herself without her makeup or any of her luggage one night, she went on without her blackface, was a hit with the audience, and never wore the blackface again. Sophie Tucker briefly appeared with the Ziegfield Follies, but her popularity with audiences made her unpopular with the female stars, who refused to go on stage with her. Sophie Tuckers stage image emphasized her fat girl image but also a humorous suggestiveness. She sang songs like I Dont Want to Be Thin, Nobody Loves a Fat Girl, But Oh How a Fat Girl Can Love. She introduced in 1911 the song which would become her trademark: Some of These Days. She added Jack Yellens My Yiddishe Momme to her standard repertoire about 1925 the song was later banned in Germany under Hitler. Sophie Tucker added jazz and sentimental ballads to her ragtime repertoire, and, in the 1930s, when she could see that American vaudeville was dying, she took to playing England. George V attended one of her musical performances in London. She made eight movies and appeared on radio and, as it became popular, appeared on television.   Her first movie was  Honky Tonk  in 1929. She had her own radio show in 1938 and 1939, broadcasting for CBS three times a week for 15 minutes each. On television, she was a regular on variety shows and talk shows including  The Tonight Show  and  The Ed Sullivan Show.   Sophie Tucker became involved in union organizing with the American Federation of Actors, and was elected president of the organization in 1938. The AFA was eventually absorbed into its rival Actors Equita as the American Guild of Variety Artists. With her financial success, she was able to be generous to others, starting the Sophie Tucker foundation in 1945 and endowing in 1955 a theater arts chair at Brandeis University. She married twice more: Frank Westphal, her pianist, in 1914, divorced in 1919, and Al Lackey, her fan-turned-personal-manager, in 1928, divorced in 1933.   Neither marriage produced children. She later credited her reliance on financial independence for the failure of her marriages. Her fame and popularity lasted more than fifty years; Sophie Tucker never retired, playing the Latin Quarter in New York only months before she died in 1966 of a lung ailment accompanied by kidney failure. Always partly self-parody, the core of her act remained vaudeville: earthy, suggestive songs, whether jazzy or sentimental, taking advantage of her enormous voice.   She is credited as an influence on such later women entertainers as Mae West, Carol Channing, Joan Rivers and Roseanne Barr.   Bette Midler more explicitly credited her, using Soph as the name of one of her on-stage personas, and naming her daughter Sophie. Sophie Tucker on this site Sophie Tucker Quotations

Assessment of Technology centric Strategies for information security Essay

Assessment of Technology centric Strategies for information security in an organization - Essay Example It is a "best practices" strategy in that it relies on the intelligent application of techniques and technologies that exist today. The strategy recommends a balance between the protection capability and cost, performance, and operational considerations." [National Security Agency] Fahey (2004) graduated from the SANS GSEC course and uses their systematic approach to addressing risk through defense in depth. The SANS approach promulgates an efficient and cost effective methodology for improving security. The organization for which he works already had a number of policies, each designed to address a multi-layered approach to IT security such as operations security, physical security and contingency and disaster recovery. Furthermore external security personnel routinely came to the organization to perform security audits. He was concerned that one area which had not been addressed was: "a systematic procedure designed to protect against electronic attacks from hackers. This was due in part to the false sense of security which comes from being behind a firewall and partly from a lack of experience in the information security field." (Fahey, 2004, p3) In putting together a Defense in Depth security policy one must consider the characteristics of one's adversary, the motivation behind an attack and the class of attack. An adversary may be anyone from a competitor to a hacker. They may be motivated by theft of intellectual property, denial of service or simply pride in bringing down a target. Classes of attack include passive or active monitoring of communications, identity theft or close-in attacks. Besides deliberate attacks there may also be inadvertent attacks on the system, such as fire, flood, power outages - and most frequently - user error. Information Assurance is achieved when information and information systems are protected against such attacks through the application of security services such as: Availability, Integrity, Authentication, Confidentiality, and Non-Repudiation. The application of these services should be based on the Protect, Detect, and React paradigm. This means that in addition to incorporating protection mechanisms, organizations need to expect attacks and include attack detection tools and procedures that allow them to react to and recover from these attacks. No system is perfectly secure, and it has been argued that no system needs to be. To achieve Information Assurance focus must be balanced on three elements: People, Technology and Operations. "Security goals have their own contradictions because confidentiality, integrity, privacy, accountability, and recovery often conflict fundamentally. For example, accountability requires a strong audit trail and end-user authentication, which conflicts with privacy needs for user anonymity." (Sandhu 2004, page 3) Fahey's methodology for evaluating risk used the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) approach which emphasizes the importance to the organization of a particular information asset. This approach focuses budget managers on the real threats to reputation and therefore the business' ability to survive against its competitors. Fahey focuses on 3 security risks in his article: passwords, policies and patches. Fahey's risk assessment relies heavily on SANS assessment of the top 20 risks for networks in 2003/4. This brings to light the

(A)- Organisation Should have a means of classifying, ranking, and Essay

(A)- Organisation Should have a means of classifying, ranking, and selecting information systems development projects. Discuss - Essay Example Furthermore, potential benefits refers to the extent to the project is seen as improving profits, customer service and the duration of these benefits. Resource availability involves the amount and types of resources that the project needs based on their availability. Moreover, project size or duration may include the number of individuals and time required to ensure that the project is complete. Lastly, technical difficulty or risk involves the level of technical difficulty to complete and compile the project successfully as expected (‘Planning’ 2013, p.104). All these techniques when considered, the classification and ranking of the project will be successful. But â€Å"one should balance all these factors between short term, high benefits versus high savings costs† (Dubey 2011, p.52). Feasibility analysis simply refers to the viability of an idea (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.2). This study helps in previewing the potential outcomes to enable us continue or not (Katimu neetorn 2008, p.3) and some of the factors that are used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed project are economic, technical, operational, schedule, legal and contractual, and political factors. Economic feasibility involves the economic viability of the proposed system and it involves cost-benefit analysis (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.1). All costs including fixed and variable costs and benefits such as cost savings, increased revenue or increased profit of the proposed project should be evaluated keenly (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.7). Intangible costs include hardware, software or labour costs, but intangible cots include operational inefficiency and loss of goodwill (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.7). Most projects are approved only if they cover their costs within a given period. On the contrary, some projects can be approved based on intangible benefits like those associated with the government regulations or image of the organization. In addition, technical feasibility is determined by th e possibility that the organization has in obtaining necessary resources. â€Å"Assessing technical feasibility is to evaluate whether the new system will perform adequately or whether the organization is able to construct a proposed system or not† (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.12). Technical feasibility is manifested when required hardware and software are available in the market place or can be developed within the required time. More so, operational feasibility refers to the ability, desire and willingness of the stakeholders to use, support, and operate the proposed information system and it is important to clarify whether the proposed system will solve the business problems, take advantage of the opportunities or not (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.13). Actually, these people are interested in those information systems, which are very easy to operate, accurate, produce the desired information, and fit with the organizational objectives. Furthermore, schedule feasibility involves assessi ng the duration of the project, that is, time covered for it to be completed and be useful (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.14). System analysts have to consider how long the system will take to develop and consider whether the deadlines are mandatory or compulsory (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.14). Legal feasibility shows whether the proposed system conflicts with the legal requirements or not since a project may face

The Right Stuff by Tom Wolfe Essay Example for Free

The Right Stuff by Tom Wolfe Essay Tom Wolfe’s book, The Right Stuff, is about the lives of several pilots and astronauts who were involved in tests and experiments conducted by the United States after the Cold War. These experiments were in line with the space race between the United States and the then Union of Soviet Socialists Republic. These pilots were subjected to several experiments using experimental high speed aircrafts which are all rocket powered. Because of the complexity of the program, the pilots were tested and screened, and not all would pass these tests. The extensive nature of the research led to several effects on the pilots, their lives, and their families. In order to be chosen, or even to be just a part of the project, all of these people should possess one important aspect, which is known by many as â€Å"the right stuff†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of tough competition with the USSR, the United States chose only the best of the best for their experimental projects like the Project Mercury. Many people tried out for several experiments, but eventually, some of them would have to go home, as some would be able to continue with the experiments. It is a very extensive project, as well has a very demanding endeavor. There are a lot of requirements, and if the people involved fail to have one of these requirements, they will more or less be out of the project. As Tom Wolfe puts it, the people who can only continue would be those who possess the â€Å"right stuff† (Wolfe).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tom Wolfe’s book defines the right stuff as having all the requirements and passing all the necessary tests in order to be a pilot or a spaceman. But that is not all; the right stuff would also have to include a strong heart, perseverance, and courage. It is through the mixture of all these trains that one would be able to attain the â€Å"right stuff† that the project calls for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One important aspect of the right stuff is about bravery. Being in the project, one must be brave in order to remain there. It is now just man vs. other man in competing for a spot in the project, but also man vs. himself. He is responsible to his actions as well as his decisions, which is why he needs to be firm enough not to be swayed away by his fears. Also, it is not bravery wherein you just have to risk your life, as anyone could easily do that. Instead, he should be willing to be literally a lab rat, wherein anything can happen to him. Afterwards, he should be able to keep his cool, as well as retain his reflexes and the experience in order to do it again for the next day, then again the next day, until the research calls for it to stop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were various tests that these pilots and astronauts would have to undergo over and over again – an infinite set of mind and body exhausting activities that would really put anyone to their limits. The whole process is compared to a stepped pyramid or a ziggurat, wherein one has to move along the high and steep steps in order to go up. Through this way, that person can prove that as he goes up, he really does deserve to be one of those who were elected to do the job, because they were the right ones and because they had the right stuff to begin with. Everyone aims for the top, no matter how steep it is, though everyone gets only one chance to prove that they really have the right stuff. It was something that not all man can do, and the ones who do it are really the best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tom Wolfe defines the right stuff as the culmination of every skill and every talent that a person has, provided that he passes every test that was set for him in order to qualify for the experiment. It is not pure brawns, or pure brains, but instead, it offers the best of everything. People possessing the right stuff really have to be good at many things, especially those which are greatly needed in the experiment. Works Cited: Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1979.

The Vikings Essay examples -- History Historical Research Papers

The Vikings Typically, the image of a Viking is a barbaric, bearded man plundering and destroying a neighboring village. This is actually the stereotypical viewpoint. In actuality, Vikings, have a very different image. For example, Vikings did not wear furry boots or furry armor, they did not have horned helmets, they invaded Britain, and they also were the first to discover America! They were also experts in nautical technology, crafts, trading, warfare and many other skills (Jonsson 1). With all of these traits, the Vikings seem like an unstoppable force in the European continent. But, who were the Vikings? The Vikings were actually venturesome seafarers. This means that they were travelers who were constantly exploring and looking for new areas of land. There roots can be traced all the way back to 6000 B.C. were nomadic men traveled in primitive crafts up the Denmark coast. Fast forward two millennia and these nomadic people have established permanent homes, but still using the boat for food and travel. As stated before, they were not just raiders, although they did do this frequently, but they were actually expert traders, trading all around the world. It wasn’t until around 793 A.D. that a Viking explosion took place in northern Europe (Jonsson 2). Raids began to take place on neighboring villages and their places of worship. To some this is the only type of knowledge they have about Vikings. However, their culture was something to be admired. Trading, religion, and everyday life are all important parts of a Viking culture. Trading was a critical part to the culture life of a Viking. This task brought in many important goods that the Vikings needed to live an ordinary life. The Vikings were the international tradesmen of their time. In Constantinople (Istanbul) they traded silk and spices for slaves that they had brought from Russia. They Amber they found in the Baltic area and they brought furs, skins, and walrus tusk ivory to the trading towns in Western Europe from the northern parts of the world such as Greenland. The Vikings founded trading cities in Scandinavia such as Birka, Ribe, Hedeby and Skiringsal. In Ireland they founded terrific trade in Dublin and, in England, they made the city of York flourish to become the most important trading town outside of London (La Fay 149-150). At a time when old trade routes between east and west thro... ...of goods with the Vikings. In everyday life, every one of us is in search of the right food, the best and warmest clothing, and the perfect place to live. Religion is still important to the American people, just like it was to the Vikings way back then. And even today, the American people exchange goods through the use of trading. However, in the present, we use plenty of money to get the supplies we need to survive. The Vikings culture can be seen as a way of survival. If they didn’t work hard enough to get the items they needed to survive, they would die off. So, the Vikings were more than a bunch of wild men running around northern England destroying cities and killing people. They strived to lead a healthy life to the fullest extent possible during their time. Many people in northern England who are descendants of the Vikings are proud to be a progeny of such a dominant and prestigious culture.BIBILIOGRAPHY Works Cited La Fay, Howard. The Vikings: Washington, D.C., National Geographic Society, 1972 Jensen, Ole Klindt. The World of the Vikings: London, England. Berne Convention, 1967 Wernick, Robert. The Vikings: Morristown, New Jersey. Time-Life Books Inc. 1979

The Lord of the Rings in the 21st Century

Films or movies are representative of cultures and the nature of the generation from which it is spun. Films or movies seem to represent a piece of reality within them that seeks to inform its viewers, transform thoughts and ideals of its audience, influence change, and such. However, in this case, the role of the film or movie is to represent our society as it is now in the 21st century.  The Lord of the Rings trilogy, adapted from the books written by J. R. R. Tolkien, represents our generation in the 21st century as it illustrates the war between good and evil that we are battling at present. We exist in a world in chaos, where nations battle for peace and harmony amidst a war-stricken world, and yet like the purpose driven by the Fellowship of the Ring, the people struggle and hope that we may be able to withstand the turmoil to reach tranquility.The Lord of the Rings Trilogy follows the structure of a typical â€Å"good versus evil† movie. The theme was instigated by en compassing feelings of fear – fear from being corrupted and restricted by the malevolent and iniquitous nature of man. Moreover, the vulnerability of man to be seduced by power and authority establishes the central theme of the trilogy.The evil that entices man will lead him to destroy the peace and goodness that exists on earth and seek to annihilate everyone who dares to oppose him in his quest for supremacy. This poses the thought that man is feeble, unable to resist his surrender to wickedness for his personal vested interests.Sauron, the antagonist in the film trilogy, represents the greed for power. The ring, which Sauron seeks, is the symbolism of power, and with this power, the ability to rule all of earth according to his desires. Perhaps this builds on one cultural myth that illustrates the growing need of man to earn power or a valuable position in society. As the world grows and deteriorates into a society that nurtures unfairness, inequality, deceit, war, value f or money and status rather than life, the mind set of people grows and changes along with it.This kind of society builds on competition, such that the more power you have, the more authority you gain to obtain what you want and need. Moreover, this kind of society has instilled in the minds of the people that they need to struggle and compete with other people no matter the cost, just to obtain power. Sauron is greed that grows inside every human being, always in search for that ring of power, believing it to be their saving grace to survive in the mess of the world.On a more practical or technical perspective, the society that we live in at present is more of a capitalist society. The foundation of capitalism is built on the kind of competition already discussed in the previous paragraph. People compete for ownership and profit, without being controlled or restricted, which will lead them to occupy a highly revered position.Under the context of business, capitalists manipulate the people into purchasing what they sell in order to earn profit and obtain ownership over the majority. Moreover, capitalists compete among themselves and will do everything at all costs to obtain an advantage over competitors.Like the characters of Isildur and Smeagol (Gollum) in the trilogy, capitalists have been corrupted by the greed for power (Sauron and the ring).Isildur was a great king and Smeagol was an innocent hobbit, however, their brief possession of the one ring has corrupted them. Isildur chose not to destroy the ring but keep it for himself in order to maintain his position as king, while Smeagol became fixated on the ring which hindered him from having a good and happy life.This is similar with what is happening now. Capitalists have built a world according to their terms where people are urged to earn more money in order to spend it on what capitalism has dictated as their wants and needs – and this is all motivated by greed.Instead of thinking about equality and justice, capitalists chose to be in power and from there obtain more of it by relying on the weaknesses of the people who are at a disadvantage. The people too, who submit to the deceit that capitalists impose on them, are being tempted like Smeagol.People nowadays are never happy about earning a regular salary – they have to earn more. People are not contented with having a roof above them – it has to be a big house with large windows, a pool, overlooking the mountains, etc. The discontentment is caused by the influence of capitalists for people to have more, and by having more, they mean having more from them.

Mending Wall: Poem Analysis Essay

Stone. Hunter. Wall. Savage. These are all words that are used to describe the speaker and his neighbor. Are these words that you would use to describe your neighbor? To describe yourself? Robert Frost is bringing up the subject of two neighbors talking in the springtime. In his poem, â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost writes: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors†. There are two tones in this poem. One tone is the narrator’s view point and the other is the neighbor’s. The theme of the story is walls and confusion. I will analyze the following four elements; repetition, metaphor, imagery, and alliteration. The first element I found was repetition. Repetition is when words or collections of words are repeated. In his poem, â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost writes: â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall.† (1). It contributes to the theme because the wall keeps people separated. The next poetic element is imagery. Imagery is a word or sequence of words that refers to any sensory experience. In his poem, â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost writes: â€Å"Oh, just another kind of outdoor game.† (21).It contributes to the theme because like football two teams are on opposite sides. The third poetic element I found was metaphor. A metaphor is a statement that one thing is another, which is literally not true. In his poem, â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost writes: â€Å"He is all pine and I am apple orchard.† (24). This metaphor compares the speaker to an apple and the neighbor to a pine tree. It contributes to the tone because both tones of the lines are discussed in the poem. Another poetic element I found was repetition. Repetition is when words or collections of words are repeated. In his poem, â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost writes: â€Å"The wall between us.† (14).It contributes to the theme because the wall is between them.

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon Father of the scientific method and the first major English essayist, Francis Bacon published Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human in 1605. This philosophical treatise, intended as an introduction to an encyclopedic study that was never completed, is divided into two parts: the first part broadly considers the excellency of learning and knowledge; the second focuses on the particular acts and works . . . which have been embraced and undertaken for the advancement of learning. Chapter 18 of the second part of The Advancement of Learning offers a defense of rhetoric, whose duty and office, he says, is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. According to Thomas H. Conley, Bacons notion of rhetoric seems novel, but what Bacon has to say about rhetoric . . . is not as novel as it has sometimes been represented, however interesting it might be otherwise (Rhetoric in the European Tradition, 1990). On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence* from The Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon 1 Now we descend to that part which concerneth the illustration of tradition, comprehended in that science which we call rhetoric, or art of eloquence; a science excellent, and excellently well laboured. For although in true value it is inferior to wisdom, as it is said by God to Moses, when he disabled himself for want of this faculty, Aaron shall be thy speaker, and thou shalt be to him as God; yet with people it is the more mighty: for so Salomon saith, Sapiens corde appellabitur prudens, sed dulcis eloquio major a reperiet1; signifying that profoundness of wisdom will help a man to a name or admiration, but that it is eloquence that prevaileth in an active life. And as to the labouring of it, the emulation of Aristotle with the rhetoricians of his time, and the experience of Cicero, hath made them in their works of rhetorics exceed themselves. Again, the excellency of examples of eloquence in the orations of Demosthenes and Cicero, added to the perfection of the precepts of eloqu ence, hath doubled the progression in this art; and therefore the deficiences which I shall note will rather be in some collections, which may as handmaids attend the art, than in the rules or use of the art itself. 2 Notwithstanding, to stir the earth a little about the roots of this science, as we have done of the rest; the duty and office of rhetoric is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. For we see reason is disturbed in the administration thereof by three means; by illaqueation2 or sophism, which pertains to logic; by imagination or impression, which pertains to rhetoric; and by passion or affection, which pertains to morality. And as in negotiation with others, men are wrought by cunning, by importunity, and by vehemency; so in this negotiation within ourselves, men are undermined by inconsequences, solicited and importuned by impressions or observations, and transported by passions. Neither is the nature of man so unfortunately built, as that those powers and arts should have force to disturb reason, and not to establish and advance it. For the end of logic is to teach a form of argument to secure reason, and not to entrap it. The end of morality is to procur e the affections to obey reason, and not to invade it. The end of rhetoric is to fill the imagination to second reason, and not to oppress it: for these abuses of arts come in but ex obliquo3, for caution. 3 And therefore it was great injustice in Plato, though springing out of a just hatred to the rhetoricians of his time, to esteem of rhetoric but as a voluptuary art, resembling it to cookery, that did mar wholesome meats, and help unwholesome by variety of sauces to the pleasure of the taste. For we see that speech is much more conversant in adorning that which is good, than in colouring that which is evil; for there is no man but speaketh more honestly than he can do or think: and it was excellently noted by Thucydides in Cleon, that because he used to hold on the bad side in causes of estate, therefore he was ever inveighing against eloquence and good speech; knowing that no man can speak fair of courses sordid and base. And therefore as Plato said elegantly, That virtue, if she could be seen, would move great love and affection; so seeing that she cannot be showed to the sense by corporal shape, the next degree is to show her to the imagination in lively representation: for to sh ow her to reason only in subtlety of argument was a thing ever derided in Chrysippus4 and many of the Stoics, who thought to thrust virtue upon men by sharp disputations and conclusions, which have no sympathy with the will of man. 4 Again, if the affections in themselves were pliant and obedient to reason, it were true there should be no great use of persuasions and insinuations to the will, more than of naked proposition and proofs; but in regard of the continual mutinies and seditions of the affections, Video meliora, proboque,Deteriora sequor, 5 reason would become captive and servile, if eloquence of persuasions did not practice and win the imagination from the affections part, and contract a confederacy between the reason and imagination against the affections; for the affections themselves carry ever an appetite to good, as reason doth. The difference is, that the affection beholdeth merely the present; reason beholdeth the future and sum of time. And therefore the present filling the imagination more, reason is commonly vanquished; but after that force of eloquence and persuasion hath made things future and remote appear as present, then upon the revolt of the imagination reason prevaileth. 1 The wise-hearted is called discerning, but one whose speech is sweet gains wisdom (Proverbs 16:21).2 The act of catching or entangling in a snare, thus entrapping in an argument.3 indirectly4 Stoic philosopher in Greece, third century BC5 I see and approve the better things but follow the worse (Ovid, Metamorphoses, VII, 20). Concluded on page 2*This text has been taken from the 1605 edition of  The Advancement of Learning, with spelling modernized by editor William Aldis Wright (Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1873). 5 We conclude therefore that rhetoric can be no more charged with the colouring of the worse part, than logic with sophistry, or morality with vice. For we know the doctrines of contraries are the same, though the use be opposite. It appeareth also that logic differeth from rhetoric, not only as the fist from the palm, the one close, the other at large; but much more in this, that logic handleth reason exact and in truth, and rhetoric handleth it as it is planted in popular opinions and manners. And therefore Aristotle doth wisely place rhetoric as between logic on the one side, and moral or civil knowledge on the other, as participating of both: for the proofs and demonstrations of logic are toward all men indifferent and the same; but the proofs and persuasions of rhetoric ought to differ according to the auditors: Orpheus in sylvis, inter delphinas Arion 1 Which application, in perfection of idea, ought to extend so far, that if a man should speak of the same thing to several persons, he should speak to them all respectively and several ways: though this politic part of eloquence in private speech it is easy for the greatest orators to want: whilst, by the observing their well-graced forms of speech, they leese2 the volubility of application: and therefore it shall not be amiss to recommend this to better inquiry, not being curious whether we place it here, or in that part which concerneth policy.   6 Now therefore will I descend to the deficiences, which (as I said) are but attendances: and first, I do not find the wisdom and diligence of Aristotle well pursued, who began to make a collection of the popular signs and colours of good and evil, both simple and comparative, which are as the sophisms of rhetoric (as I touched before). For example:   Sophisma.Quod laudatur, bonum: quod vituperatur, malum.Redargutio.Laudat venales qui vult extrudere merces. 3 Malum est, malum est (inquit emptor); sed cum recesserit, tum gloriabitur!4 The defects in the labour of Aristotle are three: one, that there be but a few of many; another, that their elenches5 are not annexed; and the third, that he conceived but a part of the use of them: for their use is not only in probation, but much more in impression. For many forms are equal in signification which are differing in impression; as the difference is great in the piercing of that which is sharp and that which is flat, though the strength of the percussion be the same. For there is no man but will be a little more raised by hearing it said, Your enemies will be glad of this, Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae, 6 than by hearing it said only, This is evil for you.   7 Secondly, I do resume also that which I mentioned before, touching provision or preparatory store for the furniture of speech and readiness of invention, which appeareth to be of two sorts; the one in resemblance to a shop of pieces unmade up, the other to a shop of things ready made up; both to be applied to that which is frequent and most in request. The former of these I will call antitheta, and the latter formulae.   8 Antitheta are theses argued pro et contra7; wherein men may be more large and laborious: but (in such as are able to do it) to avoid prolixity of entry, I wish the seeds of the several arguments to be cast up into some brief and acute sentences, not to be cited, but to be as skeins or bottoms of thread, to be unwinded at large when they come to be used; supplying authorities and examples by reference. Pro verbis legis.Non est interpretatio sed divinatio, quae recedit a litera:Cum receditur a litera, judex transit in legislatorem.Pro sententia legis.Ex omnibus verbis est eliciendus sensus qui interpretatur singula. 8 9 Formulae are but decent and apt passages or conveyances of speech, which may serve indifferently for differing subjects; as of preface, conclusion, digression, transition, excusation, etc. For as in buildings there is great pleasure and use in the well casting of the staircases, entries, doors, windows, and the like; so in speech, the conveyances and passages are of special ornament and effect. 1 As Orpheus in the woods, as Arion with the dolphins (Virgil, Eclogues, VIII, 56)2 lose3 Sophism: What is praised is good; what is censured, evil.Refutation: He who praises his wares wishes to sell them.4 Its no good, its no good, says the buyer. But after he goes he exults in his bargain.5 refutations6 This the Ithacan desires, and for it the sons of Atreus would pay much (Aeneid, II, 104).7 for and against8 For the letter of the law: It is not interpretation but divination to depart from the letter of the law. If the letter of the law is left behind, the judge becomes the legislator.For the spirit of the law: The meaning of each word depends on the interpretation of the whole statement.

Understanding the Fifth Amendments Protections

Understanding the Fifth Amendments Protections The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as a provision of the Bill of Rights, enumerates several of the most important protections of persons accused of crimes under the American criminal justice system. These protections include: Protection from being prosecuted for crimes unless first legally indicted by a Grand Jury.Protection from â€Å"double jeopardy† - being prosecuted more than once for the same criminal act.Protection from â€Å"self-incrimination† - being forced to testify or provide evidence against one’s self.Protection against being deprived of life, liberty, or property without â€Å"due process of law† or just compensation. The Fifth Amendment, as part of the original 12 provisions of the Bill of Rights, was submitted to the states by Congress on September 25, 1789, and was ratified on December 15, 1791. The complete text of the Fifth Amendment states: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Indictment By a Grand Jury Nobody can be forced to stand trial for a serious (â€Å"capital, or otherwise infamous†) crime, except in a military court or during declared wars, without having first been indicted - or formally charged - by a grand jury. The grand jury indictment clause of the Fifth Amendment has never been interpreted by the courts as applying under the â€Å"due process of law† doctrine of the Fourteenth Amendment, meaning that it applies only to felony charges filed in the federal courts. While several states have grand juries, defendants in state criminal courts do not have a Fifth Amendment right to indictment by a grand jury.    Double Jeopardy The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment mandates that defendants, once acquitted of a certain charge, may not be tried again for the same offense at the same jurisdictional level. Defendants may be tried again if the previous trial ended in a mistrial or hung jury, if there is evidence of fraud in the previous trial, or if the charges are not precisely the same - for example, the Los Angeles police officers who were accused of beating Rodney King, after being acquitted on state charges, were convicted on federal charges for the same offense. Specifically, the Double Jeopardy Clause applies to subsequent prosecution after acquittals, after convictions, after certain mistrials, and in cases of multiple charges included in the same Grand Jury indictment. Self Incrimination The best-known clause in the 5th Amendment (â€Å"No person ... shall be compelled in a criminal case to be a witness against himself†) protects suspects from forced self-incrimination. When suspects invoke their Fifth Amendment right to remain silent, this is referred to in the vernacular as â€Å"pleading the Fifth.† While judges always instruct jurors that pleading the Fifth should never be taken as a sign or tacit admission of guilt, television courtroom dramas generally portray it as such. Just because suspects have  Fifth Amendment  rights against self-incrimination  does not mean that they  know  about those rights. Police  have often used, and sometimes still use, a suspects ignorance regarding his or her own civil rights to build a case. This all changed with  Miranda v. Arizona  (1966), the  Supreme Court  case that created the statement officers are now required to issue upon arrest beginning with the words You have the right to remain silent... Property Rights and the Takings Clause The last clause of the Fifth Amendment, known as the Takings Clause, protects the peoples’ basic property rights by banning federal, state and local governments from taking privately owned property for public use under their rights of eminent domain without offering the owners â€Å"just compensation.† However, the U.S.  Supreme Court, through its controversial 2005 decision in the case of Kelo v. New London weakened the Takings Clause by ruling that cities could claim private property under eminent domain for purely economic, rather than public purposes, like schools, freeways or bridges. Updated by Robert Longley

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Proposal - Essay Example It is very important for the treatment of the ischemic stroke that the scope of the damaged made to be defined. Diagnostic requirements for imaging the patients with ischemic stroke changed due to the result of research made by National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke (NINDS). A new treatment for ischemic lesions of the (MCA) middle cerebral artery territory was introduced. It is called Thrombolysis. A metanalysis was published and it summarizes the entire outcome for which Thrombolytic agents were used to treat severe ischemia in three to six hours (Kobayashi et al 2007). The result was significant decrease in patients with negative outcome after the treatment. However there was also higher threat of hemorrhage and death in the first ten days of treatment. At the increase of the time interval between the beginning of the stroke and thrombolytic treatment, the threat of death and hemorrhage also increases. The determining factor of the success of thrombolytic therapy de pends greatly on the earliest detection of the unfortunate event. The study shows that those patients that have been diagnosed as early as three hours from the onset have the greater positive outcome. Thus, the efficiency of the diagnostic imaging is of uttermost importance. It will ascertain the right patients for thrombolytic therapy so that severe complications could be avoided. For this reason the efficient diagnostic imaging should greatly help (a) leave out intracranial bleeding, (b) to determine which brain tissue is irreversibly affected and which is still has the good chance to recover, (c) and recognize stenosis or narrowing of the passage of the major extra and intracranial artery. On time restoration of blood flow to an organ or tissue may help prevent death of cell and reestablish normal function (Tomandl et al 2003). The one aim of the neuroimaging in ischemic stroke is to ascertain the tissue at risk of infaction (Murphy et al 2008). The aim of this